The prism dissociation and alternate occlusion test are only used when both eyes have similar monocular visual acuity. If monocular corrected visual acuity is not the same for both eyes, the bichrome prism dissociated method is used. Procedure of bichrome binocular balancing
This differs from the vertical prism dissociation method, instead of using prisms in both eyes, eyes are dissociated using occlusion. A paddle occlude is used for occlusion of the eye (occluder which is used in the cover test) which allows to shift occlusion from one eye to another easily and rapidly. Procedure of alternate occlusion … Read more
The procedure makes use of prisms to break the fusion between two eyes. The vertical prisms of the same amount are used to maintain equal degradation of image quality which is caused by prism. Don’t use horizontal prisms, as a compensatory positive and negative fusion vergence will make it difficult to break fusion or very … Read more
The Fan and block chart is similar to an astigmatism fan chart but additionally includes a block which contains an arrow at the center and two blocks of the line adjacent to the arrow which are perpendicular to one another. This additional block makes this test easier for the patient. Before reading procedure read optics … Read more
The astigmatism fan chart has line differences in 10 degrees intervals. Some charts have correcting cylinder axis marked in chart written at top of each spoke of line (Figure 1) and some charts just only represent the actual representation of line orientation in degree (Figure 2). We can easily find out whether correcting the cylindrical … Read more
It consists of a series of the number of lines of equal length from the center and pointing towards a number similar to the face of a clock. Gaps between two numbers are equal to 30 degrees. Before reading procedure read optics behind Astigmatism clock dial test Astigmatism clock dial test Procedure: Vision with COLC … Read more
Two of the most commonly used astigmatism chart are the Clock dial chart and the astigmatism fan chart. This test well controls accommodation as fogging is done prior and has an advantage over the Jackson cross cylinder where one of the focal lines is behind the retina which can disrupt the rest of the accommodation. … Read more
The Hirschberg test is a quick and easy objective method for the assessment of ocular alignment. It is also known as the corneal light reflex test as the observation is based on the judgment of the position of the corneal light reflex. This test is very handy in cases where patients are not cooperative such … Read more
Worth four dot test is a subjective procedure test to evaluate the presence of fusion, suppression, diplopia and abnormal retinal correspondence. The test can be performed for both distance and near Procedure: Ask the patient these questions Interpretation All below mentioned interpretation is for eyes when red glass is in front of the patient’s right … Read more
The Bruckner test is a simple yet very useful objective assessment for diagnosing abnormalities of the eye and refractive errors. The ophthalmoscope light is shone onto the eye and the light reflected from the fundus is observed. The interpretation of the finding is based on the position of the corneal light reflex and the colour … Read more